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Sándor Petőfi (born ''Petrovics'';〔LUCINDA MALLOWS, (BRADT TRAVEL GUIDE BRATISLAVA, THE ), Bradt Travel Guides, 2008, p. 7〕〔Sándor Petőfi, George Szirtes, (John the Valiant ), Hesperus Press, 2004, p. 1〕 (ハンガリー語:Petőfi Sándor) pronounced (:ˈpɛtøːfi ˈʃaːndor); (スロバキア語:Alexander Petrovič);〔 (セルビア語:Александар Петровић); 1 January 1823 – most likely 31 July 1849〔) was a Hungarian poet and liberal revolutionary. He is considered Hungary's national poet, and was one of the key figures of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He is the author of the ''Nemzeti dal'' (National Song), which is said to have inspired the revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary that grew into a war for independence from the Austrian Empire. It is most likely that he died in the Battle of Segesvár, one of the last battles of the war. ==Early life== Petőfi was born in the early New Year's morning of 1823, in the town of Kiskőrös (Kingdom of Hungary, then part of the Austrian Empire). The population of Kiskőrös was predominantly of Slovak origin as a consequence of the Habsburgs' reconstruction policy designed to settle, where possible, non-Hungarians in areas devastated during the Turkish wars.〔Anton N. Nyerges, (Petőfi ), Hungarian Cultural Foundation, 1973, pp. 22–197〕 His birth certificate in Latin, gives his name as "''Alexander Petrovics''",〔〔 where "''Alexander''" is the Latin equivalent of the Hungarian "''Sándor''". His father, (ドイツ語:Stefan) , was a village butcher, innkeeper and he was a second-generation Serb〔(Vesti – Na današnji dan, 31. jul ). B92 (31 July 2006). Retrieved on 17 October 2011.〕 or Slovak〔〔(Élet És Irodalom ). Es.hu (16 May 2010). Retrieved on 17 October 2011.〕 immigrant to the Great Hungarian Plain.〔Rein Taagepera, (The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state ), Routledge, 1999, p. 84〕 Mária Hrúz, Petőfi's mother, was a servant and laundress before her marriage. She was of Slovak descent and spoke Hungarian with something of an accent.〔〔(Sandor Petofi ). Budapestguide.uw.hu. Retrieved on 17 October 2011.〕〔(Illyés Gyula: Petőfi Sándor ). Mek.iif.hu. Retrieved on 17 October 2011.〕 Petőfi's parents first met in Maglód, married in Aszód and the family moved to Kiskőrös a year before the birth of the poet.〔 The family lived for some time in Szabadszállás, where his father owned a slaughterhouse. Within two years, the family moved to Kiskunfélegyháza, and Petőfi always viewed the city as his true home. His father tried to give his son the best possible education and sent him to a lyceum, but when Sándor was 15, the family went through a financially difficult period, due to the Danube floods of 1838 and the bankruptcy of a relative. Sándor had to leave the lyceum which he was attending in (today Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). He held small jobs in various theatres in Pest, worked as a teacher in Ostffyasszonyfa, and was a soldier in Sopron. After a restless period of travelling, Petőfi attended college at Pápa, where he met Mór Jókai. A year later in 1842, his poem ''"A borozó"'' (The Wine Drinker) was first published in ''Athenaeum'' under the name ''Sándor Petrovics''. On 3 November the same year, he published the poem under the surname "Petőfi" for the first time. Petőfi was more interested in the theatre. In 1842 he joined a travelling theatre, but had to leave it to earn money. He wrote for a newspaper, but could not make enough money. Malnourished and sick, he went to Debrecen, where his friends helped him get back on his feet. In 1844 he walked from Debrecen to Pest to find a publisher for his poems and he succeeded. His poems were becoming increasingly popular. He relied on folkloric elements and popular, traditional song-like verses. Among his longer works is the epic ''"John the Valiant"'' (1845). The poem is a fairy-tale notable for its length, 370 quatrains divided into 27 chapters, and for its clever wordplay. It has gained immense popularity in Hungary,〔It has several musical and film adaptations and is today considered a classic of Hungarian literature.〕 however, he felt influenced by his editor, Imre Vahot, to continue writing folklore-style poems, while he wanted to use his Western-oriented education and write about growing revolutionary passions. (The government's censorship would have made such works difficult to publish.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sándor Petőfi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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